Large-scale placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated that sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibition favourably modifies both risks of cardiovascular disease and kidney disease progression in a range of at-risk populations, including people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This section provides the background to this guideline by introducing: (i) CKD and the concept of intraglomerular hypertension; (ii) the molecular mechanisms of SGLT 2 inhibition; and (iii) the large placebo-controlled trials that have informed us of its cardio-renal beneficial effects.
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