| Abbreviation | Definition |
| ABCD-RA | Association of British Clinical Diabetologists-Renal Association |
| ACEi | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor |
| ADA | American Diabetes Association |
| ADHF | Acute decompensated heart failure |
| AF | Atrial Fibrillation |
| AKI | Acute Kidney Injury |
| ANCA | Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody |
| ARB | Angiotensin-II Receptor Blocker |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| BP | Blood Pressure |
| CKD | Chronic Kidney Disease |
| CKD-MBD | Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disease |
| 95%CI | 95% Confidence Interval |
| CrI | Credible Interval |
| CV | Cardiovascular |
| DKA | Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
| DM | Diabetes Mellitus |
| DPP-4i | Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors |
| eGFR | Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (mL/min/1.73m2) |
| EASD | European Association for the Study of Diabetes |
| ESKD | End-Stage Kidney Disease |
| EU | European Union |
| FDA | US Food and Drug Administration |
| FGF-23 | Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 |
| GFR | Glomerular Filtration Rate |
| GLP-1 | Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 |
| GLP-1RA | Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist |
| HbA1c | Glycosylated Haemoglobin |
| HF | Heart Failure |
| HFpEF | Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction |
| HFrEF | Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction |
| HHF | Hospiltalisation for Heart Failure |
| HR | Hazard Ratio |
| ICER | Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio |
| KCCQ-TSS | Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Total Symptom Score |
| KDIGO | Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes |
| LVEF | Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction |
| MACE | Major Adverse/Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Event |
| MedDRA | Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities |
| MHRA | Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency |
| MRA | Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist |
| NHS | National Health Service |
| NICE | National Institute for Health and Care Excellence |
| NNH | Number Needed to Harm |
| NNT | Number Needed to Treat |
| NODAT | New Onset Diabetes After Transplantation |
| NT-proBNP | N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide |
| OR | Odds Ratio |
| PADP | Pulmonary Artery Diastolic Pressure |
| PTH | Parathyroid Hormone |
| Q1-Q3 | Quartile 1-Quartile 3 (i.e. the interquartile cutoffs) |
| QALY | Quality-Adjusted Life Years |
| RAS | Renin Angiotensin System |
| RCT | Randomized Controlled Trials |
| RR | Relative Risk |
| RSG | Renal Studies Group |
| SD | Standard Deviation |
| SE | Standard Error |
| SGLT-2 | Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter-2 |
| SMART-C | SGLT-2 inhibitor Meta-Analysis Cardio-Renal Trialists’ Consortium |
| SmPC | Summary of Product Characteristics |
| SU | Sulphonylurea |
| uACR | Urinary Albumin:Creatinine Ratio |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| UTI | Urinary Tract infection |
Navigate to sections