We recommend the following further research including, wherever possible, randomised trials:
- RCT to evaluate the impact of IV versus oral iron in people on peritoneal dialysis.
- RCT of IV iron on hard clinical outcomes in people with non-dialysis dependent CKD but without anaemia.
- RCT of oral iron dosing in people with non-dialysis dependent CKD.
- Determination of optimal iron dosing and regimes for HIF-PHI based therapy.
- Use of HIF-PHI in certain sub-groups such as DM, ADPKD, diabetic retinopathy, ESA hyporesponsiveness and allergy to IV iron.
- Impact of HIF-PHI on quality of life and functional capacity in people with CKD.
- The safety and haemoglobin correction benefits of HIF-PH inhibitors in people with adult polycystic kidney disease.
- The safety and efficacy of HIF-PH inhibitors in people with a functioning kidney transplant.
- Whether HIF-PHI therapy is safe and beneficial in people with advanced heart failure.
- Whether HIF-PHI therapy is safe and beneficial in people with systemic chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the kidneys.
- The safety and efficacy of HIF-PHI therapy in young people and children under 18 years of age.
- The factors that influence people with kidney disease and health professionals to choose between HIF-PHI and ESA therapies.
- Combination therapy of HIF-PHI with ESA to lower doses and improve outcomes.
- Comparison of different HIF-PHI agents head-to-head.
- Whether SGLT2-inhibitor therapy can safely prevent and correct anaemia in people with non-dialysis dependent CKD.
- The safety and efficacy of prospective therapies to treat anaemia in CKD; including Anticalin proteins directed against hepcidin, and anti–IL-6 ligand antibody, hepcidin monoclonal antibody, Bone Morphogenic Protein 6 (BMP6) monoclonal antibody and ferroportin antibody therapy.
- Safety of HIF-PHI use in people with an underlying malignancy (active or recent).
- Whether HIF-PHI use reduces the frequency of IV iron infusions in people with CKD.